![]() ![]() ![]() The effective source impedance coming from a divider of Z 1 and Z 2, as above, will be Z 1 in parallel with Z 2 (sometimes written Z 1 // Z 2), that is: ( Z 1 Z 2) / ( Z 1 + Z 2)= HZ 1. The output voltage of a voltage divider will vary according to the electric current it is supplying to its external electrical load. This is the principle applied in compensated oscilloscope probes to increase measurement bandwidth. By selection of parallel R and C elements in the proper proportions, the same division ratio can be maintained over a useful range of frequencies. (with components in the same positions as Figure 2.)Īny leakage current in the capactive elements requires use of the generalized expression with two impedances. If the current in the output wire is zero then the relationship between the input voltage, V in, and the output voltage, V out, is: ![]() Z 1 and Z 2 may be composed of any combination of elements such as resistors, inductors and capacitors. The input voltage is applied across the series impedances Z 1 and Z 2 and the output is the voltage across Z 2. In electric power transmission, a capacitive voltage divider is used for measurement of high voltage.Ī voltage divider referenced to ground is created by connecting two electrical impedances in series, as shown in Figure 1. ![]() For direct current and relatively low frequencies, a voltage divider may be sufficiently accurate if made only of resistors where frequency response over a wide range is required (such as in an oscilloscope probe), a voltage divider may have capacitive elements added to compensate load capacitance. Resistor voltage dividers are commonly used to create reference voltages, or to reduce the magnitude of a voltage so it can be measured, and may also be used as signal attenuators at low frequencies. A simple example of a voltage divider is two resistors connected in series, with the input voltage applied across the resistor pair and the output voltage emerging from the connection between them. Voltage division is the result of distributing the input voltage among the components of the divider. In electronics, a voltage divider (also known as a potential divider) is a passive linear circuit that produces an output voltage ( V out) that is a fraction of its input voltage ( V in). ![]()
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